- Equilibrium - 'the normal structure where everything is normal
- Disruption - Equilibrium is interrupted by something
- Recognition - Characters recognise this disruption
- Attempt to repair - The characters attempt to fix the issue and overcome this
- New equilibrium - A new equilibrium is created, good or bad
BARTHES - 5 codes of narrative
- Enigma code - Puzzles set up to try and be figured out by audience
- Action code - Contains sequential elements of action in the text
- Semantic code - Refers to parts within the text that suggest or refers to additional meanings
- Symbolic code - Figure of representation
- Cultural code - connotations or references to the outside world
PROPP - Character theory
- Villian - Struggles against the hero, tires to seek what he has or destroy their power in some way
- Hero - Leads the narrative, usually searching for something - success
- Donor - Gives hero something special to help with the quest
- Dispatcher - sends the hero on a mission - may be a family member and can be combined with anouher role
- Princess - The princess is usually the prize or reward, usually by the hero trying to be with her in some way
- Helper - Helps the hero alongside them
- False hero - They take the credit for the hero's actions and usually tries to marry the princess
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